In America, the month of November hosts our traditional "Thanksgiving Day," which commemmorates the praise and thanksgiving offered by the Puritans for the manner in which God had sustained them through a very harsh winter when they first arrived to establish their colony in the "New World." As such, it is a day that is suppose to remind everyone to "give thanks" to God for all that He has given.
Already my wife is busy getting things ready for the day and for the celebration that will take place in our home as friends arrive to share Thanksgiving Day with us. As we talked about what we need to do to get ready for the day, my thoughts were turned to the Tanach and how the words of Scripture defined and explained the act of "giving thanks." The Hebrew verb yadah immediately came to mind, as it is found in the well known phrase: hodu l'Adonai ki tov, ki la'olam chasdo, "Give thanks to Adonai for He is good, for His mercy is everlasting." (Modern Hebrew uses the verb yadah to mean "thanks," just as we do. Thus, todah [from the verb yadah] is how modern Israelis say "thanks").
As I looked more carefully at the verb yadah as used in the Tanach , however, I realized that it is never used in the common way that we use the word "thanks." In fact, yadah is never used in the Tanach to describe one person giving thanks to another person. Usually when this takes place, the verb employed is barach, "to bless." In fact, while the verb yadah can have the sense of "give thanks," this is not its primary usage, and some even question whether the verb denotes what we usually think of when we say "thanks" or "thank you" to someone.
Primarily, the verb yadah is used in three ways. First, it is used of confessing one's sin, individually or nationally (e.g., Lev 16:21; Num 5:7). Second, it is used to describe a person making public confession or declaration of God's attributes and works. The third usage is that which conveys man's praise of man.
It is the second usage that is most pertinant to our day of Thanksgiving, that is, confessing or declaring God's attributes and works. This, of course, is at the heart of what it means to "praise God," to publicly declare Who He is, and what He has done. This is especially the case when the person making the declaration has experienced God's mercy, grace, and help in his or her own life. Indeed, of the 113 times the verb is found in the Tanach, 67 of them are found in the Psalms. Many of these are the personal words of praise to God by the Psalmist for what God has done for him. For example: "Adonai is my strength and my shield; My heart trusts in Him, and I am helped; Therefore my heart exults, And with my song I shall thank Him" (Ps 28.7). The point is that in the Tanach, the verb that is most often translated to "thank" or "give thanks" may not mean that, exactly. As Westermann notes: "In the Old Testament... there is as yet no verb that means only “to thank.” Yadah, which is usually translated as “to thank,” is not used in the Old Testament a single time for an expression of thanks between men. Thus it is clear from the start that this hodah (the hifil imperative form of yadah) cannot be equated with our “to thank,” which can be directed equally to God and to man" [TWOT, "Yadah"]. What we learn from this is that "thanksgiving" should be considered as an aspect of praise, and that to give proper thanks to God is to 1) acknowledge HIs attributes and works in truth, and 2) to willingly confess publicly how one has experienced these in his or her own life.
For those of us who will gather in homes on "Thanksgiving Day," sharing a bountiful meal, plenty of joy, and friendship, may our hearts be raised in true praise (which equals "thanks") for all that HaShem has done for us!